While some member states allocate fiscal funding to the deployment of charging stations, (e.g. This is particularly the case because charging infrastructure appears to be a key barrier for market diffusion, and the main source of consumer anxiety in changing their preferences (Axsen et al., 2013 Azadfar et al., 2015 Bakker and Trip, 2013 Barisa et al., 2016 Barlag, 2015 Daziano and Chiew, 2012 Graham-Rowe et al., 2012 Laurischkat et al., 2016 Sierzchula et al., 2014 Tan et al., 2016) To date, most European countries opted for the public sector to take the lead for installing charging facilities, particularly Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, the UK, and France. Infrastructure in this market mainly refers to the network of charging station, on which EV mobility depends. In contrast, gasification offered a better option for a larger scale, as the overall cost decreased significantly with scale. Among technologies applied to utilize power from biomass fuels, combustion has proven to be a more economically viable input heat for typical power plants than gasification. In terms of possible hybridization scenarios and performance, among solar energy technology, concentrated solar power is a more suitable and proven technology than PV for the hybridization with biomass fuels. However, some small-scale prototypes are constructed and aimed to extend to a large scale. A thorough review of the literature reveals that despite that several studies have been conducted in this field, there is currently only one operational hybrid solar-biomass power plant Termosolar Borges, with a capacity of 22.5 MWe, which is located in Les Borges, Spain. This review can be a useful reference to investigate the performance of a hybrid solar-biomass power plant in terms of energy, environmental, economical aspects, and conduct readers to future work and novel ideas in this field. This study presents an in-depth review of the latest advances in integrating solar and biomass energy in power plants and summarizes and discusses the past effort and the current status of hybrid power plants, their performance, different feasible combinations, and challenges. The hybridization of these energy resources and applications in a power plant has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years.
A combination of both sources is a promising method to lower greenhouse gas emissions and reliable energy investment. Transporting biomass would not only increase costs but would also increase carbon monoxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption by transport systems. On the other hand, extracting energy from biomass demands a huge feedstock, which may not be readily available in all locations and seasons. Solar radiation is only available for a limited time during a day, and its availability can be intermittent or reduced depending on the weather and season. However, each of them suffers from some drawbacks. Solar energy and biomass are two of the best available sources of renewable energy in most parts of the world. The limitation of fossil fuels, climate change, and environmental concerns due to the usage of these fuels, have led to considerable attention to renewable energies in the last few decades. With an increasing global population, energy demand is rising as well.
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